Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections

Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections

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Fungal pathogens kill approximately 1.5 million individuals per year and represent a severe disease burden worldwide.It is estimated over 150 million people have serious fungal disease such as recurrent mucosal infections or life-threatening systemic infections.Disease can ensue from commensal fungi or new infection and involves different fungal morphologies and the expression of virulence factors.

Therefore, anti-fungal immunity is complex and requires coordination between multiple facets of the immune system.IL-1 family cytokines are associated with acute and chronic inflammation and are essential for the innate response to infection.Recent research indicates IL-1 bempresas.com cytokines play a key role mediating immunity against different fungal infections.During mucosal disease, IL-1R and IL-36R are required for neutrophil recruitment and protective Th17 responses, but function through different mechanisms.

During systemic disease, IL-18 drives protective Th1 responses, while IL-33 promotes Th2 and suppresses Th1 immunity.The IL-1 family represents an attractive anti-fungal immunotherapy target.There is a need for novel sophie allport zebra anti-fungal therapeutics, as current therapies are ineffective, toxic and encounter resistance, and no anti-fungal vaccine exists.Furthering our understanding of the IL-1 family cytokines and their complex role during fungal infection may aid the development of novel therapies.

As such, this review will discuss the role for IL-1 family cytokines in fungal infections.